homeI. Characteristics of protozoans
A. Members of the Protista kingdom
1. Called protists
2. Unicellular, animallike organisms
3. Do not have cell walls
4. Have a nucleus, which contains hereditary material
5. Larger than bacteria
B. Habitats
1. Live in watery environments
a. Salty oceans
b. Fresh water
2. Live in moist soil
3. Live in colonies
C. Reproduction
1. Binary fission
2. Conjugation
3. Spores
D. Four main groups
1. Sarcodines
2. Ciliates
3. Flagellates
4. Sporozoans
II. Animallike protists
A. Sarcodines
1. Move by means of pseudopods (false feet)
2. Many have shell-like covering
3. Amoeba
a. Move by means of pseudopods
b. Requires oxygen for energy
c. Has contractile vacuole
1.) Acts as pump
2.) Gets rid of excess water
d. Reproduce by binary fission
e. Respond to changes in environment
B. Ciliates
1. Have cilia
a. Small hairlike projections
b. Act like tiny oars to move organism
2. Paramecium
a. Pellicle covers outer surface
1.) Hard membrane
2.) Provides slipper shape
b. Have two nuclei
1.) Micronucleus (small nucleus) involved in conjugation
2.) Macronucleus (large nucleus) controls life functions of cell
c. Reproduce in two ways
1.) Binary fission
2.) Conjugation
C. Zooflagellates
1. Move by means of flagella
2. Many have symbiotic relationships
D. Sporozoans
1. All members are parasites
2. Have no means of movement
3. Carried by hosts
4. Have complicated life cycles
5. Plasmodium
a. Most familiar sporozoan
b. Causes Malaria
c. Carried by mosquito
d. Treated with quanine
III. Plantlike protists
A. Unicellular
B. Autotrophs
C. Supply 70% of Earth's oxygen
D. Move by means of flagella
E. Called phytoflagellates
F. Three different groups
1. Euglena
a. Pouch holds flagella
b. Reddish eyespot
c. Green structures used in food-making
2. Diatoms
a. Most numerous
b. Has two part glassy shell
c. Form diatomaceous earth
3. Dinoflagellates
a. Produce "red tides"
b. Have cell walls that look like plates of armor
c. Have two flagella for movement
1.) One as a tail
2.) One resembles a belt around the middle
d. Produce glow at night
IV. Funguslike protists
A. Heterotrophs
B. Produce fruiting bodies
1. Used for reproduction
2. Contain spores
C. Most have cell walls
D. Many have flagella at some point in their lives
E. Similar to amebas at some point in their lives
Example: Slime mold